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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク semiconductor luminescence equations ： ウィキペディア英語版 semiconductor luminescence equations The semiconductor luminescence equations (SLEs)〔Kira, M.; Jahnke, F.; Koch, S.; Berger, J.; Wick, D.; Nelson, T.; Khitrova, G.; Gibbs, H. (1997). "Quantum Theory of Nonlinear Semiconductor Microcavity Luminescence Explaining "Boser" Experiments". ''Physical Review Letters'' 79 (25): 5170–5173. doi:(10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.5170 )〕〔Kira, M.; Koch, S. W. (2011). ''Semiconductor Quantum Optics''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521875097.〕 describe luminescence of semiconductors resulting from spontaneous recombination of electronic excitations, producing a flux of spontaneously emitted light. This description established the first step toward semiconductor quantum optics because the SLEs simultaneously includes the quantized light–matter interaction and the Coulomb-interaction coupling among electronic excitations within a semiconductor. The SLEs are one of the most accurate methods to describe light emission in semiconductors and they are suited for a systematic modeling of semiconductor emission ranging from excitonic luminescence to lasing. Due to randomness of the vacuum-field fluctuations, semiconductor luminescence is incoherent whereas the extensions of the SLEs include〔 the possibility to study resonance fluorescence resulting from optical pumping with coherent laser light. At this level, one is often interested to control and access higher-order photon-correlation effects, distinct many-body states, as well as light–semiconductor entanglement. Such investigations are the basis of realizing and developing the field of quantum-optical spectroscopy which is a branch of quantum optics. ==Starting point== The derivation of the SLEs starts from a system Hamiltonian that fully includes many-body interactions, quantized light field, and quantized light–matter interaction. Like almost always in many-body physics, it is most convenient to apply the second-quantization formalism. For example, a light field corresponding to frequency $\backslash omega$ is then described through Boson creation and annihilation operators $\backslash hat^\backslash dagger\_\backslash omega$ and $\backslash hat\_\backslash omega$, respectively, where the "hat" over $B$ signifies the operator nature of the quantity. The operator-combination $\backslash hat^\backslash dagger\_\backslash omega\backslash ,\backslash hat\_\backslash omega$ determines the photon-number operator. When the photon coherences, here the expectation value $\backslash langle\; \backslash hat\_\backslash omega\; \backslash rangle$, vanish and the system becomes quasistationary, semiconductors emit incoherent light spontaneously, commonly referred to as luminescence (L). The corresponding luminescence flux is proportional to the temporal change in photon number,〔 $$ \mathrm(\omega) = \frac \langle \hat^\dagger_ \hat_ \rangle = 2\,\mathrm\left(\mathcal_^\star\, \Pi_ \right )\,. As a result, the luminescence becomes directly generated by a photon-assisted electron–hole recombination, $$ \Pi_ \equiv \Delta \langle \hat^\dagger_\omega \hat_^\dagger_\omega) when an electron with wave vector $\backslash mathbf$ recombines with a hole, i.e., an electronic vacancy. Here, $\backslash hat\_\backslash mathbf$ determines the corresponding electron–hole recombination operator defining also the microscopic polarization within semiconductor. Therefore, $\backslash Pi\_$ can also be viewed as photon-assisted polarization. Interestingly, many electron–hole pairs contribute to the photon emission at frequency $\backslash omega$; the explicit $\backslash Delta$ notation within $\backslash Pi\_$ denotes that the correlated part of the expectation value $\backslash langle\; \backslash hat^\backslash dagger\_\backslash omega\; P\_\backslash mathbf\; \backslash rangle$ is constructed using the cluster-expansion approach. The quantity $\backslash mathcal\_$ contains the dipole-matrix element for interband transition, light-mode's mode function, and vacuum-field amplitude. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「semiconductor luminescence equations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.